Logical Reasoning Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consistent Reasoning - Math Problem Example Euler circles also called Euler charts are graphical portrayals of legitimate proclamations. Each set in this chart is spoken to as a circle or shut bend. Convergences between sets are appeared as somewhat covering circles. Then again, the equality of two sets is given by a total cover of the circles. Utilizing this methodology, the relationship of sets turns out to be clear. It is then simple to decide the legitimacy of an end dependent on the outline. For the main proclamation it is obvious from the graph that given the reason, there is no settled connection among B and C. Similarly, the subsequent explanation additionally builds up no connection between the two. Consequently, the two explanations are invalid. Interestingly, truth tables are printed portrayals of the rationale articulation. In contrast to an unadulterated rationale explanation, reality table presents every single imaginable mix of the info set and decides the end from every mix. While not as natural as Euler circles, this methodology gives a progressively comprehensive perspective on a coherent articulation. The particular truth tables for the above coherent proclamations follow: In the principal table, when all the premises are fulfilled, there is certainly no chance wherein the end is fulfilled. This announcement is in this way invalid. For the subsequent explanation, most cases fulfill the announcement with the exception of one. In any case, since the end is a ramifications, at that point the nearness of this single case refutes the announcement. End From the given models, obviously the utilization of elective portrayals of intelligent articulations help in consistent thinking. Indeed, both Euler circles and truth tables were predictable in nullifying the rationale for the two models. Question 1 Let: Conditions: Arrangement: Change eqn 1: Substitute to eqn 2: End: UniquePhil has 10 $0.37 stamps. Question 2 Arrangement: Using the Venn Diagram Precisely 2 composing instruments: End: 15 rucksacks contain precisely two of the three composing instruments. Question 3 Question 4 Arrangement: End: The vehicle got 54.4 miles per gallon. Question 5 Question 6 Biconditional Question 7 2.8700 Question 8 Question 9 Arrangement: End: cups of flour ought to be utilized. Question 10 Arrangement: During top hours: During off-top hours: End: $1.76 can be spared by making 16-minute cancels during top hours. Question 11 Arrangement: Utilizing the Law of Contraposition: Utilizing De Morgan's Law: End: They are consistently comparable. Question 12 Arrangement: truth table p q q pq Valid Valid Bogus Bogus Valid Bogus Valid Valid Bogus Valid Bogus Bogus Bogus Bogus Valid Bogus End: There is just 1 T in the last columb. Question 13 Question 14 Question 15 Legitimate Question 16 Question 17 Question 18 Invalid Question 19 Arrangement: 1 3 7 13 15 19 25 27 31 37 - Diff 2 4 6 2 4 6

International Logistics and Supply Chain Outsourcing

Worldwide Logistics and Supply Chain Outsourcing Coordinations alludes to the methodical progression of assets from the purpose of beginning to the correct goal. Business coordinations includes placing a thing in right amount at the right time and spot (Waters, 110). This is intended to convey the normal advantages to the association (Waters, 111). For productivity purposes, business coordinations ought to include all the modern divisions in order to accomplish the primary goal of the organization (Rushton, 266).Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on International Logistics and Supply Chain Outsourcing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Previously, area was a noteworthy component in business. Appropriate area of business ensured productive business. Be that as it may, things have changed today since business is done all around with business sectors opened all over. The world has built up a capacity to convey things where they are required at the opportune time. It has empowered business substance s to connect and stay in contact with their clients. Coordinations has made undertakings to extend the market for their merchandise and enterprises. They don't focus on a set number of customers. Rather, they have changed their concentration by contacting the worldwide market. This consequently has empowered the organizations to expand their benefits. Because of coordinations, associations can make their clients fulfilled by making a reasonable flexibly chain, which has set aside cash for a significant number of these organizations. Shoppers create certainty with a provider who is predictable underway. They can get items at the opportune time, when required. The certainty makes them adhere to the organization, causing the association to create, raising starting with one level then onto the next. Fulfillment of customers ought to be a need to the organization staff and the executives. All the partners should work inseparably to guarantee that consumers’ needs are met. Coordina tions has isolated accomplishment from disappointment. It is an amazing asset that has ejected to improve administration, and lower costs in the worldwide economy. Coordinations has caused an adjustment in the working of organizations. The world is encountering a ton of rivalry today. Undertakings are required to think of new advancements in light of the fact that consumers’ requests have expanded. Everything begins at the gathering when the customer enters the business premises. Firms that serve customers half-heatedly may lose clients since the pace of rivalry is high. Such clients may select to purchase from firms that treat them with politeness. In this way, business coordinations has become the overwhelming focus in the tasks of the organization. The real conveyance of merchandise is delicate to purchasers and the ability and vows to convey no longer guideline them. This proposes the main undertakings in giving items to the customers at the ideal time and spot will profi t (Tate 9). Those that don't take need in putting clients’ intrigue initially are making a course for disappointment. Firms with compelling frameworks set up make progress, which demonstrates that coordinations is a main impetus that brings positive outcomes. The chain of gracefully is distinguished as a course that interfaces the maker and the client. A deferral with respect to any accomplice may influence the entire arrangement of the chain. The improvement of innovation has encouraged customers to make orders when required. This, then again, has prepared creation firms to guarantee that customers are served when request arises.Advertising Looking for appraisal on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As referenced above, products sold and conveyed on time spare a few things. In this way, undertakings should pay special mind to the most advantageous methods of working to guarantee low expenses . Rushton, Alan. Universal Logistics and Supply Chain Outsourcing: From Local to Global. USA: Kogan Page Ltd, 2007. Print. Tate, Karen. The components of a fruitful coordinations organization. Universal Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management 26.3(1996): 7-13. Print. Waters, Donald. Worldwide Logistics: New Directions in Supply Chain Management. USA: Kogan Page Ltd, 2010. Print.

Gump and Co. Chapter 7 Free Essays

Part 7 All things considered, it wadn’t some time before the crap hit the fan. It appears that the bidness we had been doin with the Ayatolja was not actually seen in a decent light by the people on Capitol Hill, who imagined that tradin arms for prisoners was not such a hot thought, particularly when the cash we got was gone over to help the gorillas in Nicaragua. A what them congressmen had as a primary concern was that the President, hissef, was behind the plan, a they was out to demonstrate it. We will compose a custom exposition test on Gump and Co. Part 7 or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Colonel North done so great testifyin before the Congress the first occasion when that they welcomed him back once more, a this time they had a lot of smooth Philadelphia legal counselors tryin to entangle him. Be that as it may, the colonel, presently, he is quite smooth hissef, a when he is usin his class a tact, he is really difficult to entangle. â€Å"Colonel,† asts one of the legal counselors, â€Å"what would you do if the President of the United States instructed you to carry out a crime?† â€Å"Well, sir,† says the colonel, â€Å"I am a marine. Also, marines comply with the sets of their presidents. So regardless of whether the President instructed me to perpetrate a wrongdoing, what I would do is, I would salute intelligently an energize the hill.† â€Å"Hill? What slope? State house Hill?† â€Å"No, you ass †any slope! It’s a saying. We are the marines! We energize slopes for a living.† â€Å"Oh, better believe it, at that point why they call you ‘jarheads’?† â€Å"I slaughter you, you sombitch †I rip your head off, a spit down your neck!† â€Å"Please, Colonel, don’t let us be indecent. Brutality will accomplish nothing for you. Presently, Colonel, what you are tellin me is this was not the President’s idea?† â€Å"That’s what I am tellin you, you asshole.† â€Å"So whose thought was it at that point? Was it yours?† â€Å"Of course not, you jerk.† (The colonel’s consideration a discretion is presently gettin into full swing.) â€Å"Then whose was it?† â€Å"Well, it was a great deal of people’s. It simply kind of evolved.† â€Å"Evolved? In any case, there must of been a ‘Prime Mover,’ Colonel. Things of this extent simply don't just ‘evolve.’ â€Å" â€Å"Well, sir, in actuality there likely was an individual who thoroughly considered it the most thoroughly.† â€Å"So this individual, he would be the ‘Prime Mover’ of all these illicit plans, is that correct?† â€Å"I assume you could state that.† â€Å"And this individual, was it Admiral Poindexter, the security counsel to the President of the United States?† â€Å"That pipe-smokin butthole? Obviously not. He ain’t got the sense to spill piss out of a boot, not to mention be a Prime Mover.† â€Å"Then, would you be able to let us know, sir, who was it?† â€Å"Why, yessir, I can. It was Private Forrest Gump.† â€Å"Who?† â€Å"Gump, sir, PFC Forrest Gump, who has been a unique colleague to the President for incognito exercises. It was all his idea.† At this, all the legal advisors a congresspersons got into a cluster a started to murmur a wave they hands a gesture they heads. So that’s how I got hauled into the wreckage. Before I knowed it, two goons in trenchcoats come up to my case in Lafayette Park in the night a beginning bangin on the top. At the point when I crept out to perceive what was goin on, one of em pushed a paper in my grasp, say I got the opportunity to show up in the mornin before the Special Senate Committee to Investigate the Iran-Contra Scandal. â€Å"An, I recommend you get that uniform squeezed before you get there,† one of the goons says, â€Å"because your huge ass is in a store of trouble.† Indeed, I didn’t comprehend what to do straightaway. It was past the point where it is possible to wake up Colonel North, who I figgered would have everything thoroughly considered with his propriety a discretion, so I meandered aroun the city for some time an at last ended up at the Lincoln Memorial. The lights was shinin down on the large ole feller, all done up in his marble sculpture a lookin kinda dismal, an a fog was blowin in off the Potomac River, an it had started to shower a little downpour. I was feelin truly upset for mysef, when lo a behole, out of the fog I seen Jenny kind of walkin toward me! Directly off the bat, she says, â€Å"Well, appears as though you have done it once more, Forrest.† â€Å"I reckon,† I says. â€Å"Didn’t you get in a difficult situation the last time you went into the army?† â€Å"Yup.† â€Å"So what's going on here? You think you needed to do this for little Forrest?† â€Å"Yup.† She brushed her hair back a hurled her head, much the same as she used to do, an I just remained there, twistin my hands. â€Å"Feelin kinda upset for yourself, huh?† â€Å"Uh huh.† â€Å"Don’t need to go up there to the Congress and come clean, do you?† â€Å"Nope.† â€Å"Well, you better, cause this is a genuine bidness, sellin arms for prisoners †At least those bozos think so.† â€Å"So I’m tole.† â€Å"So what you going to do?† â€Å"I dunno.† â€Å"My exhortation is, I’d told the truth with the entire thing. What's more, don’t be coverin up for anyone. Okay?† â€Å"Yeah, I guess,† I stated, a then another large ole haze of white fog come waftin in from the stream, a Jenny, she simply kind of evaporated into it, a for a second I needed so awful to go runnin after her, perhaps to get her by one way or another, a bring her back †however even I am not all that moronic as that. So I simply turned aroun a began back for my container. In any case, I am left all alone once more. An as it turned out, it was the last time I didn't take Jenny’s exhortation about tellin reality. â€Å"Now, let us know, Private Gump, exactly when was it you initially got the plan to trade arms for hostages?† I be settin at a major ole table facin all the representatives a legal counselors an other muckity-sludges in the congressional hearin room, a the TV cameras be rollin a lights shinin in my face. Somewhat youthful lookin, fair haired attorney fellow be astin the inquiries. â€Å"Who says I did?† I ast. â€Å"I am posing the inquiries here, Private Gump. You simply answer em.† â€Å"Well, I don’t know how I can answer that,† I says. â€Å"I mean, you don’t even ast me whether I did †You just ast me when†¦ ?† â€Å"That’s right, Private Gump, when was it, then?† I investigated at Colonel North, uniform all brimming with decorations, a he be glarin at me a gradually noddin his head, similar to I am sposed to answer somethin. â€Å"Well, it was the point at which I initially met the President, I reckon.† â€Å"Yes, and did you not tell the President that you had imagined a plan to trade arms for hostages?† â€Å"No, sir.† â€Å"What did you tell the President then?† â€Å"I tole him the last time I met a president, he needed to watch To Tell the Truth, on the TV.† â€Å"Issat so! A what did the President say?† â€Å"He says he would prefer to watch Let’s Make a Deal.† â€Å"Private Gump! I advise you that you are sworn to tell the truth here!† â€Å"Well, really, he was watchin Concentration, however he said it confounds him.† â€Å"Private Gump! You are sidestepping my inquiry †and you are sworn to tell the truth. Is it accurate to say that you are tryin to make the United States Senate look strange? We can hold you in contempt!† â€Å"I figure you as of now do,† I says. â€Å"Sombitch! You are concealing for every one of them †the President, Colonel North, here, Poindexter, and I don’t know who-all else! We are going to get to the base of this on the off chance that it takes all year!† â€Å"Yessir.† â€Å"So, presently, Gump, Colonel North has revealed to us you imagined the entire loathsome arrangement to trade arms for prisoners to the Ayatolja and afterward redirect the cash to the Contras in Central America. Isn’t that so?† â€Å"I don’t know nothin about any Contras †I thought the cash was goin to some gorillas.† â€Å"Ah †a confirmation! So you knew about this ghastly scheme!† â€Å"I comprehended the gorillas need the cash, yessir. That’s what I was tole.† â€Å"Ha! I think you are lying, Private Gump. I recommend that it was you who formulated the whole activity †and with the President’s complicity! Are you attempting to play dumb?† â€Å"It ain’t precisely playin, sir.† â€Å"Mr. Chairman!† the legal counselor says. â€Å"It is clear that Private Gump, here, the ‘special associate for incognito activities to the President of the United States,’ is a cheat and a faker, and that he is purposely tryin to make the United States Congress look like blockheads! He should be held in contempt!† The executive, he kind of drawed hissef up a look down at me like I was a bug. â€Å"Yes, it appears that way. Uh, Private Gump, do you comprehend the punishment for makin the United States Congress look like fools?† â€Å"No, sir.† â€Å"Well, we can thow your rear end in prison †not to put too fine a point on it.† â€Å"Oh, yeah,† I says, tryin to emulate Colonel North’s affability a tact methodology, â€Å"start thowin then.† So here I am once more, thowed in prison. Feature in The Washington Post following day says: Simpleton Detained in Contempt of Congress Case An Alabama man, who sources near the Post recognized as a â€Å"certified idiot,† has been accused of hatred of Congress in the Iran-Contra embarrassment, which this paper has secured through and through. Forrest Gump, of no fixed location, was condemned to an uncertain jail term yesterday after he started mocking individuals from the Select Senate Committee delegated to research charges that key individuals from the Reagan administrat

Sex Education Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sex Education Paper - Essay Example I have by and by wanted to reexamine our social and customary understandings of these issues and how they influence our understanding as we keep on growing up. I got a great deal of data about sex and sexuality from altogether different sources. My family, both my folks and aunties, were close by to give me a wide scope of data about myself and my body and the proper behavior and keep myself in the midst of the considerable number of changes that were occurring in my body during my young years. The media were additionally exceptionally instrumental in giving me data through different TV shows, music and motion pictures. I additionally got the opportunity to understand magazines and diaries about sexual wellbeing, some of which were extremely sensual. School was additionally a significant domain for me to study sex, both casually through my companions and officially through the school educational plan. In the later phases of my adolescent years, I generally depended on my friends and the web for data since we had a typical accord that our folks didn't give us accommodating data and that they didn't need us to take an interest in sexual exercises for obscure or unfit reasons at that point. An ongoing report about regenerative wellbeing among young people and teenagers led by Stanford University, in any case, brings up that the sources that I depended upon, for example, the web are to a huge degree sporadic. The investigation discovered that a portion of the data contained on different sites over the web contain obsolete counsel, exclusions and are filled with mistakes, accordingly, making them potential channels of deception and fantasies related with sex and sexuality (Knox and Schacht 58). Given this wide scope of educational sources with respect to this subject, I should concede that my sexual life as a youngster depended on a ton of falsehood and legends which at that point, I accepted to be the unadulterated fact of the matter. Some of them, particularly the ones I got from school my folks, were in certainty valid in spite of the fact that I didn't view them as such during the that time. My folks and close family members disclosed to me a ton of lies about sex in an offer to shield me from knowing reality at such a youthful age for dread that I would be keen on giving it a shot. They, accordingly, looked to introduce sex as a negative and a disagreeable thing, most particularly whenever done outside marriage. Perhaps the greatest legend that I accumulated at from this is conjugal sex is the main sheltered, wanted and charming sexual action. Throughout the year, in any case, as I have grown up and assembled more data, both for a fact and from solid research examines, I have arrived at the resolution that it isn't correct. Conjugal sex, in spite of being genuine, is coupled up with such a significant number of issues including agreement. I was paralyzed to find that assault can likewise happen in a marriage set up in situations where one of the accomplices doesn't agree to the sexual action (Knox and Schacht 67). This demonstrated to me that conjugal sex isn't that much agreeable as it was depicted to me by my family. It was just a fantasy to assist me with abstaining from being associated with sexual exercises at a youthful age and before marriage. Among my companions, we accepted that having numerous sexual accomplices before would assist one with being increasingly experienced

on realizations and learning

on realizations and learning Last semester was pretty rough, and I vowed to make this semester different. I tried to get into a fifth class and didnt (it was too oversubscribed), so instead Im taking four classes, of which only one is likely to be horribly difficult. Im hoping that the lowered courseload will help, although its a little hard to tell, because the first week of the semester is always calmer than the ones that follow. For now at least, Im chilling and this chill, combined with the delightful chill of my IAP (and further combined with reflective time at the gym while I work out) has got me thinking. Ive come to this realization, over the past six weeks or so. I thought I always knew it, but I clearly never did: taking care of yourself and putting aside time for yourself is not just a necessary evil. It is good, and fun, and right. I thought I believed this before. I didnt. My brain was secretly thinking something along the lines of oh, well, if you  need time to take care of yourself, then I guess you have to do it. And each person might need to set aside different amounts of time, and that doesnt make them better or worse as a person but of course, its better to be able to set aside less time, and focus on  doing  instead of  living. I felt like the best way to approach life was to fill it with as many things as you could without making yourself sad. Because filling up your time is what lets you learn new skills! and try new things! and have new experiences! And, you know, all that stuff is pretty great. But actually, theres so much that you can gain from free time different things, and equally valuable to those that you gain from full time. Each of us should not fill our time as much as we can, but as much as we want to; and it is not better to fill it more, or as much as possible, but it is better exactly and only to do what makes you happier with the knowledge that there are so many kinds of happiness, and it is nice to get to try them all. I like knowledge, and experiences, and learning new things, but none of these holds more meaning than happiness. And why maximize a proxy value for a quantity when you could maximize the quantity itself? To leave space in a schedule, to work out and think, to walk places more slowly than everyone else and stare at the sky this is its own good thing if what it creates for me is happiness. It does not need to be stolen from other activities; it has its own intrinsic right to be alive, to take up space in my life. I want it and love it for itself, not just because its what lets me keep living and doing everything else. I think this is what my parents have been trying to tell me for the past eight or so years. I think this is what some upperclassmen have been trying to tell me since CPW. I always nodded, agreed, it made sense to me. But I didnt realize that I didnt really believe it, because I made my life choices as if it were false. (As opposed to now that I know it for real, when I am relishing my free time, my slow moments, doing things unproductively and inefficiently) Thinking about the time it took me to reach this realization led me to a realization on realizations. When children learn their native language, they need, of course, to hear adults speaking to them. A child who is deprived of input wont be able to learn. And yet, a child who is spoken to twice as much as another child will make the same kind of mistakes at about the same age, and master the same parts of language at about the same age. The input is necessary, but its not sufficient. What they also need is time: if a two-year-old isnt ready to speak a certain way, you cant make them learn it. All you can do is help them keep living, until they turn three and a lightbulb goes off in their head. I never thought I was done growing, but I think I thought most of what was left was about acquiring knowledge changing physically. Instead, there were so many dark lightbulbs in the back corners of my brain, waiting to light up and make me realize that something is not as I thought it was. Like a child learning a language, other people are only part of the puzzle for me; the other part is time to think and discover on my own. And it turns out that this feeling doesnt scare me like it used to. Freshman fall, in a blog about realizing that I didnt know myself as well as I thought I did, I wrote I miss being able to walk through the house of myself in pure darkness and never miss a step. Now I mean, sure, knowing myself well was nice. But this is also pretty cool this idea, which perhaps should not come as the surprise that it does, that we are not fixed human beings once we graduate from high school; that there is so much left to sneak up on me, to change the way I think and who I am. Over the past year, Ive started to like eating new foods, trying new combinations of flavors, and doing things Ive never done before. And in the same vein, Im also so excited to try out these new mes who are coming. I havent met them yet. But I will. Post Tagged #if you are older than me please try not to roll your eyes #we must all come to each realization at the pace that is right for us

on realizations and learning

on realizations and learning Last semester was pretty rough, and I vowed to make this semester different. I tried to get into a fifth class and didnt (it was too oversubscribed), so instead Im taking four classes, of which only one is likely to be horribly difficult. Im hoping that the lowered courseload will help, although its a little hard to tell, because the first week of the semester is always calmer than the ones that follow. For now at least, Im chilling and this chill, combined with the delightful chill of my IAP (and further combined with reflective time at the gym while I work out) has got me thinking. Ive come to this realization, over the past six weeks or so. I thought I always knew it, but I clearly never did: taking care of yourself and putting aside time for yourself is not just a necessary evil. It is good, and fun, and right. I thought I believed this before. I didnt. My brain was secretly thinking something along the lines of oh, well, if you  need time to take care of yourself, then I guess you have to do it. And each person might need to set aside different amounts of time, and that doesnt make them better or worse as a person but of course, its better to be able to set aside less time, and focus on  doing  instead of  living. I felt like the best way to approach life was to fill it with as many things as you could without making yourself sad. Because filling up your time is what lets you learn new skills! and try new things! and have new experiences! And, you know, all that stuff is pretty great. But actually, theres so much that you can gain from free time different things, and equally valuable to those that you gain from full time. Each of us should not fill our time as much as we can, but as much as we want to; and it is not better to fill it more, or as much as possible, but it is better exactly and only to do what makes you happier with the knowledge that there are so many kinds of happiness, and it is nice to get to try them all. I like knowledge, and experiences, and learning new things, but none of these holds more meaning than happiness. And why maximize a proxy value for a quantity when you could maximize the quantity itself? To leave space in a schedule, to work out and think, to walk places more slowly than everyone else and stare at the sky this is its own good thing if what it creates for me is happiness. It does not need to be stolen from other activities; it has its own intrinsic right to be alive, to take up space in my life. I want it and love it for itself, not just because its what lets me keep living and doing everything else. I think this is what my parents have been trying to tell me for the past eight or so years. I think this is what some upperclassmen have been trying to tell me since CPW. I always nodded, agreed, it made sense to me. But I didnt realize that I didnt really believe it, because I made my life choices as if it were false. (As opposed to now that I know it for real, when I am relishing my free time, my slow moments, doing things unproductively and inefficiently) Thinking about the time it took me to reach this realization led me to a realization on realizations. When children learn their native language, they need, of course, to hear adults speaking to them. A child who is deprived of input wont be able to learn. And yet, a child who is spoken to twice as much as another child will make the same kind of mistakes at about the same age, and master the same parts of language at about the same age. The input is necessary, but its not sufficient. What they also need is time: if a two-year-old isnt ready to speak a certain way, you cant make them learn it. All you can do is help them keep living, until they turn three and a lightbulb goes off in their head. I never thought I was done growing, but I think I thought most of what was left was about acquiring knowledge changing physically. Instead, there were so many dark lightbulbs in the back corners of my brain, waiting to light up and make me realize that something is not as I thought it was. Like a child learning a language, other people are only part of the puzzle for me; the other part is time to think and discover on my own. And it turns out that this feeling doesnt scare me like it used to. Freshman fall, in a blog about realizing that I didnt know myself as well as I thought I did, I wrote I miss being able to walk through the house of myself in pure darkness and never miss a step. Now I mean, sure, knowing myself well was nice. But this is also pretty cool this idea, which perhaps should not come as the surprise that it does, that we are not fixed human beings once we graduate from high school; that there is so much left to sneak up on me, to change the way I think and who I am. Over the past year, Ive started to like eating new foods, trying new combinations of flavors, and doing things Ive never done before. And in the same vein, Im also so excited to try out these new mes who are coming. I havent met them yet. But I will. Post Tagged #if you are older than me please try not to roll your eyes #we must all come to each realization at the pace that is right for us

Removal Process For Refugees - Free Essay Example

Introduction My interest in immigration cases started after I arrived to United States back in 2007, I came to the country with a tourist visa and when I decided to remain in the country my legalization process begun, as an immigrant I had to overcome many obstacles throughout my legalization process and I think that even now that I am a US citizen I still have some difficulties regarding assimilation processes to the American culture and the system. As an immigrant, I learned that there are different types of aliens and that the process each has to complete is different from the other ones, but either an immigrant, that choose to move to a new country, or a refugee, that was forced to leave home, have many challenges to hurdle down the legalization road. My apprehension here is about the U.S. immigration laws that are enforcing removal (deportation) procedures based on criminal records of aliens that in some cases were minimal violations to the legal system, like traffic tickets, or in some cases even without having any records on file, but these people are still being arrested by ICE and without much consideration by Immigration Courts and judges, are sentenced to start their removal procedures to go back to their countries. Types of Immigration An immigrant is a person that decides to move from one country to another because they are pursuing a dream, they want to improve their life conditions, continue with their education, or want to look for a better future for them and their family or in some cases just to get together with family members that are already living outside their countries, but they always have the option to go back home if they want. For immigrants the legal procedures to obtain green cards and eventually citizenship is simpler than the asylum procedures. On the other hand, refugees are forced to move out from their countries unable or unwilling to return like immigrants, they leaving behind home because they fear to suffer serious harm or persecution and in order to get asylum they must prove that by returning to their country they will be subject to maltreatments because their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or their political opinion. The Refugee Act of 1980 on Title II, Admission to refugees, amended the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), defining who qualifies as a refugee: refugee as any person who is: (1) outside his country of nationality (or in the case of a person having no nationality, is outside any country in which he last habitually resided), and who is unable or unwilling to return to such country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group; or (2) in special circumstances as the President, after congressional consultation, may specify, within the country of his nationality (or in the case of a person having no nationality, within the country in which such person is habitually residing), and who is persecuted or has a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. Excludes from the definition of refugee any person who ordered, incited, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any person on account of race, religion, nationality, me mbership in a particular social group, or political opinion. (S.643 Refugee Act of 1979, n.d.) Deportation Acts to Revoke Refugee Statuses a. Criminal Records New immigration laws are preventing immigrants and refugees to remain in the country based on criminal records, but some innocent immigrants (including refugees) are suffering the consequences of these new laws because they are being applied according to discretionary authority ICE officers and Immigration judges have to determined who is eligible to be removed from the country even without having any records on file or when they just had a traffic ticket that was pending and that was enough reason for officers and judges to place them onto the category of someone that has a criminal record. In my opinion, this poor judgment of adjudicate the law is affecting aliens lives that already managed to integrate and assimilate themselves and their families into this new society, culture, language, rules and system and at the same time exposing them, especially refugees, to continue being target of persecution or threaten to their lives. Although, immigration laws that were promulgated to deport criminal aliens charged with serious felony crimes back to their country were necessary to maintain citizens safeness, with the reform of 1996 the range of crimes charges covered even minor misdemeanor offenses. The history of reforms in the United States started from 1882 with the Chinese Exclusion Act where the list of excluded people from the US were including convicts, persons that were likely to become public charges, with dangerous contagious diseases, prostitutes, polygamists and anarchist. (McLeod, 2012, p. 116) With the Immigration Act of 1924 it was stablish that immigrants from Latin America required to pay a fee and literacy in order to enter the country. By 1929 and 1930 criminalization of unlawful entries to the country were punishable up to one year in prison (misdemeanor) and expanded provisions for illegal reentries to the US. (McLeod, 2012, p. 117) From 1952 to 1980 immigration laws regarding exclusion and deportation contained exceptions and waiver provisions even for serious convictions. But by 1986 criminal sanctions to marriage fraud and reliance on false documentation to avoid sanctions to employers were stablished. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 incorporated the category of aggravated felony (murder, trafficking in drugs or weapons) to deport immigrants regardless of the lawful time of permanent residence in the country, thus serious offenders were eligible for discretionary relief from deportation when seemed to harsh consequence, same which was barred by Congress on 1994 when the person was convicted of an aggravated felony and charged with five years in prison. (McLeod, 2012, pp. 118-119) By the end of 1996 a new reform regarding integration of criminal and immigration enforcement was enacted by two Acts: the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) that dramatically expanded the list of crimes for which a person could be deported from the United States, including by expanding the definition of aggravated felony to include, among a stunning range of offenses, any crime of theft for which a sentence (even suspended) of more than a year was imposed, and virtually eliminating discretion of immigration adjudicators to waive deportation for any crime included within that definition (McLeod, 2012, p. 120). This law expansion made it even harder for immigrants that were undocumented or legally residing in the country for many years be a target for immigration agencies to arrest them and start their removal proceeding: In 1996, changes in US immigration laws made it easier to deport unauthorized (and, in some cases, authorized) immigrants with felony criminal records to their Central American countries of origin. (Kontos Barrios, 2016, p. 147) b. Limits on refugees and asylum seekers The good intentions of many international laws about immigration, especially refugees, as well as some US immigration laws and the efforts of nonprofit organizations to protect human rights (immigrants/refugees) there are still not enough tools or resources to help aliens to stop their removal proceedings within immigration courts or at least to have the opportunity to reconsider their cases with the last reforms made to immigration policies of the United States. President Trump policies are against immigrants and refugees rights, his administration is one that does not stop bringing up restrictions for those who are looking to come to the country escaping from after natural disasters have occurred, extreme violence and civil war on their countries. Gonzalez article explains that: Under the Trump administration, America is closing its doors to refugees. US refugee camps have been steadily slashed from 110,000 a year under the Obama administration to 30,000 next year. That would be the lowest number of refugees admitted since 1980. Another article that explains how Central American people are sheltering in US churches to avoid deportation, the case of Hilda Ramirez and her son is an exception of successfully appealing a removal proceeding order to leave the country. Thus, Al Jazeera recalls that: Republican presidential hopeful Donald Trump has delivered a number of fiery speeches about immigration throughout the election season, taking a ha rd-line stance at times and presenting his views are more moderate at others. During a speech in Phoenix in August, Trump suggested increased deportations among the nearly 11 million undocumented people in the US. Trump said at the time he intends to deport undocumented immigrants who have committed crimes and others who have overstayed their visas a group that all together makes up about half of the undocumented immigrants in the country, according to government statistics. (America, 2016) Kerwin summarizes how the how the refugee protection system of the country after 9/11 has increased security measures and interdiction policies for immigrants, preventing asylum-seeker to arrive to the country, his words: The expedited removal process has expanded since 1996 to cover non-citizens that arrive at US post-of-entry, cross US land borders, or enter by sea. Access by independent observers to the initial inspection phase of this process has been limited. However, one study found that the programme summarily removed a high percentage of potential asylum-seekers. After one year of refugees admission to the United States they must file to adjust their status to a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR), but some of them havent follow proceedings to adjust their status because of the expansive interpretation of the terrorism-related grounds of inadmissibility. On May 2010, the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) through memorandum stated that refugees removal proceedings can be p lace only if prima facie evidence their deportation based on reasons other than failure to adjust their lawful permanent resident status. In a few words the restrictions asylum-seekers have been experiencing to fulfil their human right to escape persecution and violence and be able to relocate in one of the countries that are part of The 1951 Refugee Convention, in this case the United States, that grants such protection are: post 9/11 attacks measures, expedited removal, migrant interdiction and Haitian refugees, as well as recent legislation challenges as the proposed Birthright Citizenship Act by Trumps Administration. (Kerwin, 2012, pp. 2, 16, 18-22) c. Recent legislation challenges: Birthright Citizenship Act Last week news had a headline regarding the new asylum ban president Trump is trying to implement in response to the numerous Central and South American people that are walking their way to the United States. The US Today articles states on the article that The Trump administration said the president had acted with clear legal authority and blasted the lawsuit as defending the rights of immigrants to enter the U.S. illegally. Nonetheless is clear that the American Civil Liberties Union will try to block the new presidents ban against immigrants without considering the risks these people are faced with if they are sent back to their countries. (Shesgreen, Gomez and Jansen, US Today, November 9, 2018). Removal Proceeding Removal and deportation proceedings are administrative proceedings meant to ascertain when someone is removable or deportable under the United States Immigration Law. Removal and deportation proceedings are heard in the Immigration Court (the Executive Office for Immigration Review EOIR) by an immigration judge. These judges are appointed by the Attorney General and are a part of the Department of Justice. Lawyers employed at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), prosecute these cases. The word removal was substituted for deportation when the immigration laws changed after the passing of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA). In the past if a person were placed in a deportation proceeding, an immigration judge would decide whether a person could be deported from the United States. In 1997, when IIRIRA took effect deportation proceedings were replaced by removal proceedings. However, any cases commenced before IIRIRAs effective date continues to be processed as a deportation cases, using the laws in place before IIRIRA. The Notice to Appear (NTA) Charging document (Similar to a summons in civil court). Name, address, country where you from, how you enter to the US and when, type of Visa (Tourist, faience, over land/border point), if you committed a wrongdoing (Married fraud, crimes). You are removable as charge (if you dont contest the charges you could be deported). Date to Appear in Court: date, time and place of your hearing (Appear in a future date: sometimes you dont have the date in the NTA, but you must be careful to find out when is the appearance date to avoid deportation in absence/deported without your body). On the court date if you dont have a lawyer the judge would give you additional time to get a lawyer and they would give you a list of nonprofit agencies and legal aid organizations that can provide immigration services for you. (Not like criminal cases that the city provides you with lawyers if you can afford one). You can also represent yourself if you dont want to get a lawyer. A Master Hearing: is a short, preliminary hearing on immigration matters the usual start to efforts to remove an immigrant from the United States. You will meet with the Judge and the government attorney to figure out how your case will proceed. On the second time that you have to appear to court, you should show up with your lawyer. (Example: you are been here for 15 years and you have 3 American children, you qualify for what is called: Cancellation of removal/10-year law and during the process you can apply for your green card; or when you receive the NTA you already got married, the lawyer can terminate/close the proceedings so you can continue with processing a marriage case). Individual Date: Is the actual trial date (sometimes take until 2 years to schedule an individual date). The immigration judge will give both attorneys a pre-printed order form which will either order removal, or state the form of relief granted, as well as whether or not appeal rights were reserved. This form may be the clients only proof of immigration status until they receive a new I-94 or employment authorization document in the future. Appeal: 30 days to appeal Federal Court. Voluntary departure (If you apply at the beginning of the case the judge would give you 4 months to leave, if you apply for voluntary departure after trial the judge would give you 2 months to leave).